In Muslim societies, the first treatises in favour of the emancipation of women appeared in the 19th centuries and were devised by reformist religious men and nahda[1] thinkers. This intellectual trend – to which the 'islah[2] was associated – was animated by men and women from different faiths (Muslims, Christians and Jews) and reflects the diversity of the Arab World.
literally translates as awakening in Arabic . The term refers to a full range of reforms brought about in the political, literary, artistic, social and religious fields in the Arab Middle East in the second half of the 19th century as a result of contacts with Europe.
Muslim “reformism”. Its champions call for the return to what they deem an ”authentic” Islam while at the same time considering possible convergences between the faith and modern concepts of citizenship, democracy and women's emancipation
